Holidays February 3
First lunar
February 3, 1966 Soviet station "Luna-9" for the first time in the world landed on the moon. At the beginning of the 20th century, the great Tsiolkovsky uttered the prophetic words "Humanity will not remain forever, on Earth, it has timidly downloaded, and then it will boldly conquer the near-Earth space and the Moon, and after that the entire Solar System." But before the first timid attempts of people to go beyond the boundaries of the Earth could be realized, the greatest scientists of mankind worked on creating the means and capabilities for the implementation of such a plan. In 1959, the spacecraft was first launched, able to fly around the moon and photograph its reverse side. It turned out that the reverse side of our satellite is quite different from the visible part of the moon. In 1966, photographs of the far side of the moon, went around the whole world, it was a significant and significant event of all mankind. In 1966, the Molnia launch vehicle was launched into low Earth orbit, which delivered the Luna-9 automatic station to the Moon, and on February 3, the Luna-9 spacecraft successfully landed on the surface of the Earth’s satellite. The landing on the lunar surface was “soft” and without any problem; the device transmitted a video image of the lunar surface to the Earth. As it turned out, the surface of the moon consisted mainly of meteorite chips and slags. Envious of the successes of the USSR in the space industry, the United States threw all the forces and resources of the country into a grandiose project to land a man on the moon. And in 1969, American astronauts, for the first time in the history of mankind and astronautics, landed on someone else's celestial body, this event became the greatest and was equated with the first manned space flight carried out by the USSR.
Day of Rev. Maxim the Greek
It is known that the Greek father was a wealthy Greek dignitary, lived in a city near Albania. He worried that the son received an excellent education and tried as much as possible to expand the horizons of the guy, thanks to numerous trips. Particular attention in the education of the guy was given to the languages and various sciences of European countries. Upon returning to his homeland, Maxim accepted monasticism in the local monastery. He was interested in studying the ancient manuscripts that remained on Athos after the death of the Greek emperors. At that time, the Grand Duke of Moscow expressed a desire to make out the Greek manuscripts and books of his mother, he asked for help from the learned Greek. It was then that the monk Maxim went to Moscow. Upon arrival at the place, he began to translate the Psalter and the book describing the deeds of the apostles into the Slavic language. Maxim made every effort to fulfill his mission in a quality manner. Of course, sometimes there were difficulties that arose due to a lack of knowledge of the Slavic language. Moscow Metropolitan Varlaam became interested in the works of Maxim, he appreciated them. After the throne of Moscow was taken by Metropolitan Daniel, great changes took place. He demanded that Maxim start translating the general church story, which was written by Blessed Theodorite. Maxim categorically refused to fulfill these requirements, citing the fact that this story carries a certain danger. Because of this, discord arose between Maxim the Greek and Metropolitan Daniel. However, these troubles did not affect the future spiritual enlightenment of Russia, which was committed by the reverend. Maxim wrote many letters, and also held various interpretations. Among the works of the monk were his own writings. The Grand Duke demanded to divorce his wife, due to her infertility, the Monk Maxim dared to send him some instructive chapters, which urged him to go against animal instinct. After this act he was thrown into prison. At that time, his life passed into a new suffering stage. After some inaccuracies were discovered in the translations, the Monk Maxim was accused of intentionally spoiling the books. It was very difficult for Maxim in prison, in his sufferings he prayed. In the process of prayer, an angel appeared to him and ordered that Maxim endure these torments, because in this way he would be able to avoid eternal suffering. Maxim wrote the canon on the wall with black coal, it is still read in the church. Six years later, the monk was released, and went to Tver under a church ban. There he was watched by Bishop Akaki, who showed indulgence to the innocently injured Maxim. It was there that he wrote an autobiographical work. Only twenty years later, Maxim regained his freedom, coming out of the church ban. At the end of his life, Maxim was seriously ill due to the fact that he undermined his health while in custody.
The founding day of the Communist Party of Vietnam
Every year on February 3, Vietnam celebrates the birthday of the Communist Party of Vietnam. The Communist Party of Vietnam, the only party in the country, other political parties and movements are prohibited. The Communist Party in Vietnam is the only, legitimate, ruling political force. Some historians prefer to call the party Marxist-Leninist. The people of the Communist Party of Vietnam are called "our party." On February 3, 1930, a conference was held in Hong Kong, attended by the Vietnamese government in exile, and Ho Chi Minh was also present at the meeting. The Assembly unanimously supported the creation of the Communist Party of the Republic of Vietnam. In 1945, the party was disbanded for security reasons. In 1951, the party restored its status quo, but under a different name - the Workers' Party of Vietnam. At the IV Party Congress, held in 1976, the Workers Party of Vietnam teamed up with the People's Revolutionary Party of the South Vietnamese Republic. As a result of the merger, the Communist Party of Vietnam was formed. Currently, the party has about 3 million members. The party pursues an authoritarian dictatorial policy in the country.
Thailand Flower Festival
On February 3, Thailand hosts a beautiful and impressive event called the Flower Festival. It takes place annually, in the northern part of the country in the city of Chiang Mai. This wonderful holiday begins to be celebrated on the first Friday of February, and it lasts three days. According to historical data, many years ago the city of Chiang Mai was called the "rose of the north." He was considered the most beautiful city in the north of Thailand. Local residents understood the beauty, and spent a lot of time breeding flowers. This tradition has remained in our days. And once a year, modern gardeners show their masterpieces at the Flower Festival. The inhabitants of the city are very proud that it is they who annually host an amazing event of world significance. If the name of the city is translated into Russian, it will sound like "a lot of flowers." On this holiday, the city of Chiang Mai is being transformed. On the streets you can see marching men and children, women, musicians. Colorful and noisy processions take place in every corner of the city. Tourists try to take part in this unusual procession. In the city are a huge number of different colors. Girls traditionally sew exotic national costumes for this festival, and at the end of the festival it is customary to choose the most beautiful girl of the day. The chosen beauty becomes the queen of flowers. On this day, all activities begin in the early morning and end in the late evening. The festival is held, the Festival is full of various interesting events: the opening ceremony, processions, flower artists' shows and competitions, fairs, performances, and a beauty queen contest.
February 3 in the folk calendar
Maxim the Comforter
On February 3, they honor the memory of Maxim the Greek, who is known as a religious publicist and translator. The Monk Maxim was popularly called the comforter. It was believed that he was able to help people with any misfortune. Peasants prayed that he would protect orphans and widows. Every person on Maxim’s day had to remember with a kind word people who at least once helped him in something, and if there was an opportunity, then to thank them with a deed would not be superfluous. The peasants on this day sincerely prayed for the well-being of the family. There was a custom, a husband and wife had to go outside, hold hands, and shake off snow from the trees, saying: "What God has connected, man cannot separate." On Maximov’s day they tried to guess the weather, and what the harvest would be. There were many signs on this subject. Clear skies predicted frost and a bad crop. If there was a clear dawn, this also portended a frost. And if a month was visible through the clouds at night, this indicated that there would be a good life.
Historical Events February 3
February 3, 1565 Ivan the Terrible founded the oprichnina
Oprichnina, a dark and tragic period in the history of the Russian state, which lasted from 1565 until the death of Ivan the Terrible. The Oprichnina phenomenon was characterized by the terror of imperial power and the rampant self-rule of punitive organs. The term "oprichnina" comes from the old Russian "to defend" - a special one, and indeed the Oprichniks were endowed with special power and force. The reason for the appearance of the "oprichnina", historians consider the period when Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich wished to abdicate. In December 1564, Tsar Ivan, unexpectedly with his family left Moscow for church service in the Alexander settlement. However, after several days and weeks, Ivan the Terrible did not want to return to the capital. In a settlement, Tsar Ivan took out the treasury, his own library, icons and attributes of power. In January 1565, the king announced his abdication from the kingdom because of resentment against the boyar, church, and voivodship people, who continually harshly criticized the tsar’s actions, considering them unjustifiably cruel. Soon, a delegation headed by Archbishop Pimen arrived in the settlement, a church leader was able to convince the king to return to reign. And on February 3, 1565, Ivan the Terrible deigned to return to Moscow, but before returning to the reign, the tsar set a number of conditions: he could freely execute traitors and bandits, without regard to the boyars, betray traitors to disgrace, deprive of property and honors cannot be denounced by the clergy. On the same day, Ivan the Terrible announced the introduction of the “oprichnina”. The tsar founded a new special court designed to support the autocrat in everything and to serve as a powerful support for the “oprichnina”. In order for the “oprichnina” to be able to act effectively, a special archery army was created for this. In the detachments of the "guardsmen" they recruited archers especially devoted to the tsar, who did not know pity and mercy, and were ready to execute any, even the most reckless order of the autocrat. Nevertheless, the “oprichnina army” was a kind of special service effective in the fight against the Tsar’s internal opponents, however, the “guardsmen” showed complete inability to fight the external enemies of the state. In 1572, the army of the "guardsmen" could not resist the Crimean Tatar aggression, the Tatars completely defeated the "guardsmen" archers. After such a failure, Ivan the Terrible dismissed the “oprichnina” and ordered the regular archery forces to defend the state.
February 3, 1718 Peter I deprived Tsarevich Alexei of the right of succession to the throne
On February 3, 1718, Emperor Peter I deprived Tsarevich Alexei of the right of succession, following the law of succession to the throne, the oldest son of Peter was followed by the young Tsarevich Peter. Tsarevich Alexei, was the son of Emperor Peter, from his marriage to Evdokia Lopukhina. A boy was brought up in the house of the Lopukhins, who were in opposition to Peter, in addition, some fractions of the clergy and boyars also negatively influenced the boy. Nevertheless, the tsar hoped that his son would continue his reformist policy, however, Alexei was not interested in government, he was a refined and philosophical nature. The emperor did not perceive the opposition of Alexei and threatened him with deprivation of inheritance and the right to inherit the throne, and also imprison him in the monastery. In 1716, the prince, in fear of his father’s wrath, fled to Europe. However, Peter found Alexei in foreign lands and returned to his homeland, where he officially deprived him of the right to the Russian throne. However, this was not particularly upsetting for Alexei; in a letter to his wife, he was happy to write that the royal father had freed him from the burden of state power. But still, Alexei was not able to completely withdraw from the political life of the country. Soon, a conspiracy against the emperor Peter I was revealed. Tsarevich Alexey also fell into the circle of suspects. During interrogations, the king’s son naively told everything that he knew about and that he allegedly was plotting against his father. Most of the people around Aleksey were executed by order of the tsar. Tsarevich Alexei did not escape torture and humiliation; the Supreme Court of the Russian Empire found the prince guilty and sentenced to death. Before execution, Emperor Peter arrived in the fortress where Alexei was being held. Tsarevich began to be tortured in the presence of his father, Peter and his associates hoped to find out a few more details about the plot. At about six o'clock in the evening, Tsarevich Alexei died under unknown circumstances, the official summary stated that the Tsarevich died from a nervous shock. Historians suggest that the prince was simply strangled, by secret order of the king. Emperor Peter did not want public execution and condemnation of the people.
February 3, 1826 A. Griboedov arrested suspected of conspiracy against the Tsar
Alexander Griboedov, suspected of involvement in the Decembrist uprising, was arrested on 02/03/1826. The December rebellion of the guards regiments was caused by a difficult political confrontation in the highest circles of political power in Russia. Emperor Nicholas I, who ascended the throne, was extremely not popular among the military and the nobility. The rebellious Decembrists hoped to change the situation and overthrow Nicholas, for this they brought several armed guards regiments to the streets of the capital. However, this did not frighten Emperor Nicholas, with the help of regular troops, he brutally crushed the Decembrist uprising. After the suppression of the uprising, nearly 400 soldiers of the Moscow Guards Regiment, about 300 soldiers of the Grenadier Corps and 62 sailors of the naval squadron were arrested. Investigations and interrogations began, and some prisoners were tortured. The writer Griboedov could not escape arrest, on the eve of his arrest, a search was made in his apartment, but nothing suspicious was found besides the writer's books. The investigation carried out over Griboedov did not reveal the direct involvement of the writer in the December putsch. By order of the emperor, Griboedov was released from custody, with a "acquittal certificate." In fact, the writer had many friends and acquaintances among the Decembrists, however, he did not have a direct participation in the preparation and implementation of the uprising.
February 3, 1933 in Cambridge opened the laboratory of Peter Kapitsa
In the early 1920s, an outstanding Russian scientist, Pyotr Kapitsa, was sent for an internship in England, at the University of Cambridge. Researches made in the Cambridge laboratory have made Peter Kapitsa famous all over the world. The scientist made a number of important discoveries in the field of magnetic fields. In 1923, he was awarded the title of doctor of the university, in 1925 he became deputy director of the Cavendish Laboratory, and in 1926 he was appointed director of the magnetic research laboratory. In 1928, Kapitsa discovered the law of a linear magnetic field, as well as the law of resistance of metals when exposed to electricity (Kapitsa Law).For outstanding achievements in the field of physics, in 1929, Kapitsa was elected Academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences. In the same year, the scientist was elected a member of the British Royal Scientific Society. For more productive work of the great physicist, a new laboratory building was erected in Cambridge, equipped with the latest technology of the time. The laboratory was opened on February 3, 1933 in an extremely solemn setting. In 1934, Petr Kapitsa for the first time in history received helium in a liquid state, this was made possible thanks to a special hardware installation he developed. This outstanding discovery gave a powerful impetus to the development of hypothermal physics. On his next visit to the USSR, Pyotr Leonidovich was simply not released from the USSR. This is dictated by the desire of Stalin to have such an outstanding scientist in his service. Peter Leonidovich was created the most privileged working and living conditions. A powerful research institute was founded specifically for him, whose director he was appointed immediately. The great scientist made a huge contribution to the development of world and Soviet physics.
Born on February 3
Andrey Chernyshov (February 3, 1973 ...), Russian actor
Andrei Chernyshov was born in Ukraine, in Kiev, on February 3, 1973. At an early school age, Andrei's family left for a residence in the Chita region. At the new residence, Andrei's father became the director of a local school, where Andrei studied. The boy’s mother worked at school as a cultural worker and led an amateur school theater. Andrey played in this theater. After leaving school, Andrei tried to enter one of the Moscow theater schools, but could not do this, he was simply not accepted. Frustrated, he returns to Kiev, where, shortly before, his family returned. Soon showing perseverance, he still enters the Shchepkinsky Theater School, but it was difficult for him to study, he was almost expelled from the school due to poor performance. With great difficulty, Chernyshov was able to graduate from a theater school. After which he is hired by Lenkom. The first roles in the theater did not bring the actor creative satisfaction, because for the most part the roles were episodic and secondary. Soon he leaves Lenkom due to a broken leg. After leaving the theater, Andrew began to try to act in films and perform complex tricks. But he was not offered serious roles, in order to earn a living, the actor was forced to appear in commercials. Then Chernyshov began to be invited to the series, and in just a few years he became a real hero of the series. From this moment he becomes a famous and popular serial actor.
Gertrude Stein (February 3, 1874 - July 27, 1946), American writer
The personality of Gertrude Stein is continuous speculation and contradiction. As a U.S. citizen, Gertrude spent almost her entire life in Paris. Ms. Stein wrote many works, but she did not have a significant impact on literature. She was born on February 3, 1874 in the United States, in a wealthy Jewish family. After leaving school, at the insistence of her father, the girl enters a medical college, she is not willing to study in it. During this period, Gertrude meets her first love, and her studies become generally not interesting for her. Soon at Gertrude, her father unexpectedly dies, moreover, she broke up with her boyfriend. Unsupported in America, she goes to Europe, never having finished her studies at a medical college. From that time until the end of her life, Gertrude lived in Paris with her brother. In Paris, she begins to engage in serious literary work. In her books, Stein was guided by the avant-garde trend in literature, but veiledly tried to convey to her readers the American mentality. Contemporaries did not particularly revere her talent, she did not have a constant circle of fans of her activities. Stein was familiar and friendly with many prominent figures in painting and literature. Until the end of her life, she considered herself a great writer.
Evgeny Shaposhnikov (February 3, 1942 ...), the last Minister of Defense of the USSR
Evgeny Shaposhnikov is a native of the Don region, he was born on February 3, 1942. After school, Zhenya entered the Kharkov Aviation Institute and, according to distribution, got to serve in the West Ukrainian military district. In the late 60s, Shaposhnikov studied at the Air Force Academy. From 1971 to 1987, Evgeny Ivanovich, went a long career and rose to the rank of First Deputy Minister of Defense of the USSR (1990). Concurrently, Shaposhnikov commanded the USSR Air Force. After an unsuccessful coup, in 1991, Shaposhnikov was appointed Minister of Defense of the USSR, he became the last Minister of Defense of the Soviet Union. After the collapse of the Soviet system and the formation of the CIS, Evgeny Shaposhnikov was in demand as a high-class specialist. In 1993, he was appointed to the post of Secretary of the Security Council of the Russian Federation, then he becomes the representative of the president in Rosvooruzhenie, this government agency was engaged in export and arms. Shaposhnikov also led Aeroflot, then worked as an assistant to the President of Russia on aviation and space issues. Evgeny Ivanovich is currently retired.
Heinrich Trubner (February 3, 1851 - December 21, 1917), German artist
Born 02/03/1851 in Germany, in the family of a jeweler. From his youth, the boy became involved in jewelry and even completed special courses in jewelry. He sincerely wanted to continue the work of his father, but life ordered it differently. In 1867, Henry entered the art academy in Karlsruhe, then transferred to the academy of arts in Munich. He soon moved to Stuttgart and continued to study there. With famous artists, he goes to nature and paints landscape paintings. A little later, Henry works in the workshop of Long and joins the community of artists - Label. Since 1877, Henry has been painting "saturated" with mythological and theological subjects, the artist works in a manner of naturalism. Later, he again turns to landscape art. In 1895, he left for Frankfurt, where he worked at the local Institute of Art. From 1903 to 1917, Trybner worked as a professor at the Academy of Fine Arts in Karlsruhe. During this period, the community of German artists organizes a series of exhibitions of William Trubner. In 1917, Trybner was invited to work at the national art academy, but due to health reasons he was not able to accept this offer.
Felix Mendelssohn (February 3, 1809 - November 4, 1847), German composer
Felix Mendelssohn was born in Hamburg on February 3, 1809, in the family of a financial worker. Musical talent was noticed by his mother, as a child, she began to teach the boy music. Then his famous musician Ludwig Berger took up his training, he taught Felix to play the piano and viola. At the age of ten, Felix won his first victory in a music competition. At 11, he was admitted to the Berlin Academy of Music and Vocal. They began to talk about him as a nugget and a child prodigy. At the age of 15, Henry writes serious musical works: concerts, sextets, operas and operettas. In 1826, Felix wrote an overture to the Shakespearean play, which included the composer's famous work - The Wedding March. Thanks to this work, the name Mendelssohn is known throughout the world. In 1830, Felix travels to Europe and continues to make music. In 1935, Mendelssohn marries, five children are born in marriage. The composer organized many music festivals, supported young talents. Upon learning of the death of his sister, he wrote in memory of her famous symphony. The great composer lived his life in Leipzig.
Name Day 3 February
Anna, Eugene, Maxim, Agnia, Ivan
